T.EM.I.T. Legend

Treatment and Maintenance

of Heating and Cooling systems

• SOFTENING

Water softening, also called decalcification, takes place in a process of sodium permutation. In fact, through this

process, calcium and magnesium ions appear in the water. responsible for the formation of the limestone and for

the consequent incrustations, they are replaced with sodium ions: thanks to this process the water, without calcium

carbonate, is no longer hard as originally. This development process is more effective thanks to the presence of high

potential resins into the softening system that are be periodically regenerated with a sodium chloride solution.

• CHRONOMETRIC SOFTENER

The time-based water softener automatically proceeds with regeneration in continuous cycles, for example every day.

regeneration can be set manually and then postponed for example during periods when water consumption is redu-

ced. The chronometric water softener is recommended where water consumption is constant over time, on the contrary

in the case of fluctuating consumption, the use of a volumetric water softener is recommended.

• INTELLIGENT OR SELF-ADJUSTING WATER SOFTENER

This water softener has intelligent electronics able to constantly monitor water consumption and use the informati to work

out when it has to perform a regeneration of the resins based on the amount of softened water consu¬med since the last

regeneration.At the time of regeneration it calculates how much regenerating agent it needs to u restore the cyclic capacity

of the water softener back to one hundred percent.

• VOLUMETRIC SOFTENER

A water softener is a machine capable of exchanging calcium and magnesium ions contained into the water with so-

dium ions by means of special ion-exchange resins. The volumetric water softener is the most suitable for domestic

users as the machine has the ability to store the average daily consumption of the last 30 days and if it is not able to

provide it, taking into account the liters of water consumed up to that moment , during the night starts the regeneration

of the resins. This allows a saving of water and salt as the regeneration of the resins takes place according to the water

consumed.

• APPEARANCE

Depends on the presence in water of sediments, suspended and colloidal particles as well as dissolved substances

that have detectable characteristics: turbidity, colouring, foam formation or magnetic metal deposits.

• BACTERIAL LOAD

expresses the total number of bacteria per unit of volume. Can be estimated by counting the Colony Forming units

present on the Petri dish (laboratory) where was cultivated a known volume of the liquid to be tested.

• CHEMICAL CONDITIONING

The chemical conditioning treatment means that a chemical product is used to prevent the formation of chemical cor-

rosion, which are amplified by the increase of temperatures within the systems. Various chemicals are used depending

on the formulations in heating and cooling circuits and also in domestic hot water production circuits. They also prevent

the adherence of carbonates in order to protect against oxidation and corrosion, forming a protective molecular film on

metal walls of thermal plants and eliminating the frequent gaseous and thermal stresses due to contact with different

metals.

• DENSITY

Is defined by the ratio between the mass of a body and the volume occupied by the same. The unit of measurement in

the international system is Kg/m 3.

• HARDNESS

expresses the sum of calcium and magnesium salts that are dissolved in it. Is expressed in ppm or mg/l of CaCo

3

or

in French degrees (1° f = 10 ppm or mg/l of CaCo

3

). The hardness leads to deposit formation within circuits that are

not subjected to treatment.

• EC

The electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to enable passage of electrical current. Is defined as the reverse

value of residual current and its unit of measurement is Siemens per meter (S/m).

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